Trainer
Danny McCabe
Trainer, online delivery
Danny has trained over 600 professionals across productivity, Agile, management and education, and runs a web studio where AI sits at the centre of the work: campaigns, ads, content and the tools behind them. He holds a QQI Level 6 Certificate in Training Delivery and Evaluation and a postgraduate diploma in education, and leads Karv Training's online delivery.
Danny started as a secondary science teacher, which is where the postgraduate diploma in education comes from, and came to corporate training from doing the work: corporate roles first, then freelance, then his own company, Karv Web Studio, where he builds and runs web campaigns and puts AI to use every day in ads, content and production. That is why his sessions on the EU AI Act start from the tools people actually have open, not from the text of the Regulation.
His rooms are interactive by design: live exercises on the organisation's own tools, scenarios drawn from the attendees' roles, and a pace that keeps everyone working rather than watching. Learners go on to use what they learned, whether that is passing an assessment, changing how they work, or growing into a role that needed the skill.
He is the author of the Insights on this site, each one checked against the Commission's published guidance before it is published.
Background
- QQI Level 6 Certificate in Training Delivery and Evaluation
- Postgraduate Diploma in Education, Liverpool John Moores University
- Over 600 professionals trained across productivity, Agile, management and education
- Founder, Karv Web Studio: web campaigns, ads and content built with AI in daily use
- Corporate, freelance and founder experience before Karv Training
Courses delivered
- AI Literacy for the EU AI Act
- Design Thinking
- Design Thinking with AI ToolsOn request
- Scrum Fundamentals
- Business Strategy with AIOn request
- Branding with AIOn request
- SEO EssentialsOn request
- Digital MarketingOn request
Insights by Danny.
Governance
How often should AI literacy training be refreshed?
The law sets no interval. Refresh when something material changes: a new tool enters use, people change role, or the rules move, as they did in July 2026. In practice that means a short inventory review every six to twelve months and a follow-up session when it finds a gap.
Governance
Is copying a practice from the Commission's living repository enough to comply with Article 4?
No. The Commission states that replicating the practices in its living repository does not automatically grant presumption of compliance with Article 4. It is a source of ideas; the duty is still to calibrate measures to your own systems and people and to record that judgement.
Training
How long should AI literacy training take?
There is no legal minimum. A baseline for people who use AI tools takes about half a day when it is built on your own tool inventory, and people who configure or oversee AI need a second session of role-specific depth. Length matters less than whether it named your tools.
Training
How to choose an AI literacy training provider in Ireland
Pick the provider that asks about your tools and roles before it quotes, knows the July 2026 version of Article 4, and leaves you a written record of why each group got the depth it did. What to look for, the red flags, and the questions to ask before you book.
Article 4
Who in our organisation needs AI literacy training under Article 4?
Everyone who operates or uses an AI system for you, from the person drafting emails with a chatbot to the administrator configuring a screening feature, plus contractors doing the same. Not everyone needs the same depth, so plan by role.
Training
What should AI literacy training cover to satisfy Article 4?
Cover four things: what AI is and how your tools actually work, your role as a deployer, the specific risks of those tools in your context, and what each role should do differently. That mirrors the Commission's four-step approach and is what the record should describe.
Governance
Do credit union volunteer directors need AI literacy training?
Being unpaid does not take a volunteer outside Article 4. The article covers anyone who uses an AI system on the credit union's behalf, so a volunteer on the credit committee who relies on a loan score is covered in the same way as an employee.
Scope
Does Article 4 of the EU AI Act apply to small businesses?
Yes. Article 4 has no size threshold. A five-person firm whose staff use an AI tool for work is a deployer with the same duty as a multinational. What scales is the measure, and the rewritten article commits the EU and Member States to support SMEs in particular.
Article 4
What does Budget 2027's national AI literacy programme mean for Article 4?
It does not change the duty. Budget 2027 gives the AI Office of Ireland €3.8 million to implement the AI Act, build a regulatory sandbox and develop a national AI literacy programme during 2027. A state programme can give staff a general grounding in AI. Looking at your own tools and roles, and writing down what you did, stays with you.
High-risk AI
Is our credit union's loan scoring high-risk AI, and what is due by December 2027?
If your lending platform uses AI to assess a member's creditworthiness, Annex III point 5(b) of the AI Act lists that use as high-risk. From 2 December 2027 the people who oversee such a system must have the competence, training and authority to do it, although a system already in service before that date is only caught once its design changes significantly.
Training
Does online AI literacy training count for Article 4?
Yes. Article 4 asks for measures that support AI literacy and says nothing about the room they happen in. A live online session built on your tools and roles, with a record, meets the duty as well as an in-person one.
Sectors
Article 4 after the Digital Omnibus: what does a credit union need to do?
List the AI tools your credit union runs, brief the staff and volunteers who use them on what each tool does and where it fails, and write down what you did. Since July 2026 Article 4 asks for measures and a credit union does not have to prove what any individual knows.
Enforcement
What happens if we ignore Article 4 of the EU AI Act?
Article 4 carries no fine of its own, under Article 99 or under Ireland's Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Act 2026. The exposure sits in the Irish law around it: directors' duties, data protection, Central Bank conduct standards and Article 50.
Article 4
What is AI literacy under the EU AI Act?
Article 3(56) defines AI literacy as the skills, knowledge and understanding that let people make an informed deployment of AI systems and understand their opportunities, risks and possible harm. It is a working capability tied to the tools in use, not a qualification.
Records
What record should we keep to show we met Article 4?
Keep an internal record of the training and guidance you provided: what was covered, who attended, when, and why that depth suited those roles. The Commission says no certificate is required and that organisations can keep an internal record instead.
Article 4
Do we need to test our employees' AI knowledge under Article 4?
No. Article 4 does not require you to test employees or have them pass an assessment. The duty is to take measures that support AI literacy, and the record of those measures is what matters.
Sectors
We did not choose the AI in our HR software. Are we still a deployer?
Yes. You are a deployer of an AI system when you use it under your authority, whether or not you chose the feature. The Article 4 duty follows the use, not the purchase decision.
Article 4
What changed in Article 4 of the EU AI Act in July 2026?
Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, the Digital Omnibus on AI, rewrote Article 4 on 24 July 2026. The duty is now to take measures that support AI literacy, no specific level is mandated, and what gets assessed is what your organisation did.